ºÀUÀ°gÀļÉA§ gÉPÉÌUÀ¼ÉÆqÀ£É PÁ®zÀ ºÀQÌAiÀÄÄ ºÁgÀÄwzÉ JA§ zÁ.gÁ. ¨ÉÃAzÉægÀªÀgÀ AiÀÄÄQÛ JµÀÄÖ ¸ÀvÀå. PÁ® AiÀiÁgÀ£ÀÄß PÁAiÀÄĪÀÅ¢®è. ºÉƸÀ J¯ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ VqÀzÀ°è aUÀÄgÀÄvÀÛªÉ, £ÉÆqÀÄwÛzÀÝ ºÁUÉ IÄvÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ §zÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛªÉ, ªÀÄ¼É ¸ÀÄjzÀÄ, ZÀ½ PÀ¼ÉzÀÄ MAzÀÄ ¸ÀAªÀvÀìgÀ ªÀÄÄVzÀÄ E£ÉÆßAzÀÄ Cr¬ÄlÄÖ ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀjAiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ. vÁgÀt ¸ÀAªÀvÀìgÀ ªÀiÁZïð 21 AiÀÄÄUÁ¢AiÀÄAzÀÄ ±ÀÄgÀĪÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. F ºÉƸÀ ¸ÀAªÀvÀìgÀ ¨ÉêÀÅ vÀgÀÄvÀÛzÉÆà ¨É®è vÀgÀÄvÀÛzÉÆà UÉÆwÛ®è. DzÀgÉ £ÀªÉÄä®èjUÀÆ ¨É®èªÉà eÁ¹Û §gÀ° CAvÀ D¸É. ¥Á°UÉ §AzÀzÀÄÝ ¥ÀAZÁªÀÄÈvÀªÉAzÀÄ ¹éÃPÀj¸ÀĪÀ ¸Àé¨sÁªÀªÀ¯Áè F £ÀgÀ ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀågÀzÀÄ. ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå£À ªÀÄ£À¹ì£À D¼ÀªÉãÀÄ? F §UÉÎ vÀgÀAUÀzÀ°è MAzÀÄ PÀxÉ N¢zÉÝ. CzÀ£ÀÄß E°è ¸ÀAQë¥ÀÛªÁV §gÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛãÉ.

»AzÉ M§â ¸À£Áå¹ ©üPÁëyðAiÀiÁV ZÀPÀæªÀwðAiÀÄ CgÀªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ ¨ÁV°UÉ §gÀÄvÁÛ£É. ¨ÁV®°è zÁégÀ¥Á®PÀgÀÄ ¤ÃrzÀ ©üPÉëAiÀÄ£ÀÄß DvÀ ¤gÁPÀj¹, vÀ£ÀUÉ ZÀPÀæªÀwðAiÉÄà ©üPÉë ¤ÃqÀ¨ÉÃPÉAzÀÄ PÉýPÉƼÀÄîvÁÛ£É. DUÀ ZÀPÀæªÀwðAiÀÄÄ §AzÀÄ PÉüÀÄvÁÛ£É, "¸Áé«Ä, £Á£ÀÄ ©üPÉë ¤ÃrzÀgÀÆ, £À£Àß ¸ÉêÀPÀgÀÄ ¤ÃrzÀgÀÆ MAzÉà C®èªÉÃ"? ¸À£Áå¹ ºÉüÀÄvÁÛ£É " gÁd£ï, ¤£Àß ¸ÉêÀPÀgÀÄ ¤£Àß zÁ£À¢AzÀ fë¸ÀÄwÛzÁÝgÉ. CªÀgÉà ©üPÀÄëPÀgÀÄ. ºÁUÁV CªÀgÀÄ zÁ£À ¤ÃqÀ®Ä AiÉÆÃUÀåvɬĮè. C®èzÉà £À£Àß ©üPÀë ¥ÁvÉæ vÀÄA§ÄªÀµÀÄÖ £À£ÀUÉ ©üPÉë ¤ÃqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. ºÁVzÀÝ°è ªÀiÁvÀæ ¤Ã£ÀÄ ©üPÉë ¤ÃqÀ®Ä M¦àPÉÆÃ". £ÀUÀÄvÁÛ gÁd£ÉAzÀ " £Á£ÀµÉÖ C®è, £À£Àß ¥ÀjZÁgÀPÀgÀÄ AiÀiÁgÀÄ F ¥ÁvÉæAiÀÄAvÀ ºÀvÀÄÛ ¥ÁvÉæ vÀÄA§ÄªÀµÀÄÖ ©üPÉë ¤ÃqÀ§®ègÀÄ. CAvÀ ¸ÀªÀÄÈ¢Þ gÁdå £À£ÀßzÀÄ. K£ÀÄ ¨ÉÃPÉÆà PÉüÀÄ, PÉÆqÀÄvÉÛãÉ". ¸À£Áå¹ CªÀ£À ©üPÉë ¥ÁvÉæAiÀÄ£ÀÄß £É®zÀ ªÉÄðqÀÄvÁÛ£É. gÁd a£ÀßzÀ £ÁtåUÀ½AzÀ CzÀ£ÀÄß vÀÄA©zÀ. vÀÄA©zÀ PÀìtzÀ¯Éè CzÀÄ §jzÁUÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ. »ÃUÉ gÁd vÀÄA§ÄvÀÛ¯É ºÉÆÃzÀ. ¨ÉÆPÀ̸À §jzÁzÀgÀÆ ¥ÁvÉæ vÀÄA§°®è. DUÀ gÁd¤UÉ eÁߣÉÆÃzÀAiÀĪÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. ¸À£Áå¹AiÀÄ PÁ°UÉ ©zÀÄÝ PÀëªÉÄ PÉý «£ÀAw¸ÀÄvÁÛ£É " ¸Áé«Ä £Á£ÀÄ ©üPÀÄëPÀ£ÉÃ. C®èzÉ CeÁߤAiÀÄÆ ¸ÀºÀ. zÀAiÀÄ«lÄÖ EzÉAvÀºÀ ©üPÁë¥ÁvÉæ CAvÀ «ªÀj¸ÀÄ«gÁ? CzÀPÉÌ ¸À£Áå¹ ºÉüÀÄvÁÛ£É " gÁeÁ, EzÀÄ ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå£À ªÀÄ£À¸ÉìA§ vÀ¼À«®èzÀ ¥ÁvÉæ. MªÉÄä EzÀÄ ¯Á®¸É, PÁªÀÄ£ÉUÀ¼À »rvÀPÉÌ ¹QÌvÉÆÃ, CzÀPÉÌ PÉƣɬĮèzÉà ºÉÆÃUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. MAzÀÄ D¸É wÃjzÀgÉ E£ÉÆßAzÀÄ ªÉÄïɼÀÄvÀÛzÉ".

£ÀªÀÄä fêÀ£ÀªÀÇ »ÃUÉ vÁ£ÉÃ? £ÀªÀÄä vÁvÀ ªÀÄÄvÁÛvÀgÀ PÁ®zÀ°è, D±ÀæAiÀÄ ºÁUÀÄ DºÁgÀ ªÀÄÄRåªÁVvÀÄÛ. DzÀgÉ FUÀ £ÀªÀÄä CUÀvÀåUÀ¼ÀÄ ¨ÉÃgÉAiÉÄÃ. CµÉÖ¯Áè EzÀÄÝ £ÁªÀÅ ¸ÀÄTUÀ¼ÀÄ CAvÀ CAzÀÄ PÉÆAqÀ C¸ÀÄTUÀ¼ÀÄ £ÁªÀÅ. DzÀgÀÆ fêÀ£À ZÀPÀæzÀ°è ¸ÉÃj ºÉÆÃVgÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÉèÉÃPÀÄ.

K£Éà EgÀ°, ¤ªÉÄä®èjUÀÆ GUÁ¢AiÀÄ ±ÀĨsÁ±ÀAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ. vÁgÀt ¸ÀAªÀvÀìgÀ ¤ªÀÄUÉ ¨ÉëVAvÀ ¨É®èªÀ£Éßà ºÉZÀÄÑ vÀgÀ°. F GUÁ¢ ¸ÀªÀðgÀ ¨Á½UÉ «dAiÀÄzÀ ºÉƹۯÁUÀ° JAzÀÄ ºÁgÉʸÀĪÀ,

²æîvÁ G¥ÁzsÀå.

Literally known as 'five limbs' (pancha = 'five' and anga = 'limb'). The almanac of the Hindus, so named because it deals with the five Hindu divisions of time. When performing a ceremony the time must harmonize with the horoscope of the person it is being performed for. Such calculations are therefore highly individual. The positions of the stars in each area are taken into consideration while making these panchangas. The concept of different units of time dates back to the Veda. Prataha (morning), Sayam (evening), Madhayadina (midday) and other words for the times of the day are found in the Rig Vedas. There have been many astronomers in India, who has tried to explain time concepts, of which Aryabhatta (5th century AD) is the foremost.

The five limbs of the panchanga are: Vaara (solar day) 2. Tithi (lunar day) 3. Nakshatra (lunar asterism) 4. Yoga (conjunction of planets) 5. Karana (half of a lunar day). Vaara literally means a weekday. This is the time from one sunrise to the next. The solar day of the Hindus is divided into four parts: divas (day), ratri (night), sandhya (morning twilight), sandhyansha (evening twilight). One solar day is made of 60 ghatikas and also of 15 muhurtas. The Hindus follow a seven-day week system and each day of the week is a vara. Each vara is special to a particular presiding deity. The seven varas are also associated with the seven planets of the Hindus.. Tithi is defined as the time taken by the moon to gain 12 degrees on the sun. The moon takes about 30 days (one lunar month) to go around the earth's ecliptic. In each tithi, the moon travels 12 degrees ahead of the sun (i.e. if the sun and the moon are present in a specific position relating to the earth, after one tithi, the moon would be ahead of the sun by 12 degrees) hence completing 360 (12 degrees x 30 days) degrees in a terrestrial month. In one month, there are 28 tithis, one poornima and one amavasya. The first tithi begins after the amavasya. Nakshatra is a cluster of stars lying in the path of the moon. Just as the ecliptic is divided into 12 solar mansions (zodiacs), so is it divided into 27 'lunar mansions or asterisms', called nakshatras. The moon travels through all of these clusters in about a month. It takes a little more than a lunar day to travel into each nakshatra and so it becomes full in a different nakshatra every month. The sun travels in about two and a quarter nakshatras every month. Yoga is defined as the time taken by the sun and moon together to accomplish 13 degrees/ 20 minutes of space. It is calculated from the sum of the longitudes of the sun and the moon and has no astronomical backing. The first yoga occurs at 13 degrees 20 minutes, the second at 26 degrees/ 40 minutes and so on. There are 27 yogas in all, in a month (making a total of 360 degrees). Karana is half of a lunar day or tithi. Therefore there are two karanas in one tithi and 60 in a lunar month. There are 11 names for karanas, of which seven are termed as moving or chara and four are stationary or sthira.

Hindus follow a luni-solar, not solar calendar Therefore festivals do not fall on the same date every year and have to be calculated.